Discussion
In planar chromatography Rf is calculated by :
Answer: D
Rf is the distance travelled by the solute divided by the distance travelled by the solvent front.
Both distances are measured from the origin line where the sample was spotted:
\[ R_{f} = \frac{d_{\text{solute}}}{d_{\text{solvent front}}} \]
Because the solute can never move further than the solvent, Rf always lies between 0 and 1. Option A is the reciprocal, which would always be 1 or more. The ratios using a standard spot define a relative value (Rx or Rst), used to compare a component with a reference, not Rf.
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