Discussion
Which of the following is caused by collisions of the absorbing atoms with other molecules or atoms present in flames ?
Answer: A
Collisions of absorbing atoms with other atoms and molecules cause Lorentz broadening.
In a flame the absorbing atoms collide continually with gas molecules. Each collision shortens the lifetime of the excited state and slightly shifts its energy, so the absorption line widens. This collisional or pressure broadening is named after Lorentz.
Doppler broadening has a different cause: the random thermal motion of atoms towards and away from the detector. Resonance lines are the lines themselves, between the ground state and an excited state, not a broadening effect, and 'Walsh phenomena' is not a line-broadening mechanism; Walsh is known for introducing atomic absorption spectroscopy.
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