Discussion
The measurement of the change in the isotopic ratio when portions of radiolabeled and non-labeled form of the same chemical species are mixed :
Answer: A
The technique is isotope dilution analysis.
In isotope dilution, a known amount of the analyte labelled with a radioactive or stable isotope (a spike) is added to the sample and mixed thoroughly with the unlabelled analyte already present. A portion of the analyte is then isolated and its isotopic ratio, or specific activity, is measured. The change in that ratio caused by dilution with the natural analyte gives the amount originally present, even if recovery of the isolated portion is incomplete.
Reverse isotope dilution works the other way, adding unlabelled material to determine a labelled compound. Isotope exchange is a different phenomenon in which isotopes swap between species.
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