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"Time Difference of Arrival", "Time of Arrival (TOA)" and "Enhanced Observed Time Difference (EOTD)" are the approaches for :

  • A.Estimation of location of cellphones
  • B.Network protocols
  • C.Note making at scene of crime
  • D.Crime Scene Documentation

Answer: A

They are approaches for estimation of location of cellphones.

Time of Arrival measures how long a signal takes to travel between a phone and base stations; Time Difference of Arrival compares arrival times at several stations; and Enhanced Observed Time Difference, used in GSM networks, has the handset measure timing differences between base stations. Each gives distances from which the phone's position is calculated.

These are positioning techniques, not network protocols, and they have nothing to do with note-making or documenting a crime scene, though their results are used as digital evidence.

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