Discussion
The distance between the first formant and the second formant is the better predictor of :
Answer: D
The distance between the first and second formants best predicts the backness of the vowel.
The first formant (F1) is linked mainly to tongue height: open (low) vowels have a high F1 and close (high) vowels a low F1. The second formant (F2) rises as the tongue moves forward. Front vowels such as [i] therefore have F1 and F2 far apart, while back vowels such as [u] and [o] have them close together, so the F2 - F1 gap tracks front-back position.
Height and openness are the same dimension and are read mainly from F1 alone. Lip rounding lowers the formants generally rather than being measured by the F1-F2 gap.
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