Discussion
To raise the yield of gasoline from crude oil by spliting higher molecular weight constituents into lower molecular weight is obtained by a process known as :
Answer: C
The process is cracking.
Crude oil contains more heavy, high-boiling fractions than the market needs, and fewer of the light fractions that make up petrol. Cracking, thermal or catalytic, breaks the large hydrocarbon molecules of the heavy fractions into smaller ones, raising the yield of gasoline.
Polymerization and alkylation do the opposite, joining small molecules into larger ones in the gasoline range, and isomerization rearranges straight-chain molecules into branched ones to raise the octane number. None of them splits large molecules.
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