Discussion
The polymorphic markers on mitochondrial DNA can be useful in :
Answer: D
mtDNA markers are useful for identifying a victim by comparing samples of maternal relative DNA.
Mitochondrial DNA is inherited only from the mother, without recombination, so a person shares the same mtDNA sequence (in the hypervariable regions HV1 and HV2) with the mother, siblings and other maternal relatives. When no direct reference sample of a missing person exists, mtDNA from a maternal relative can be compared with remains, which also preserve mtDNA well because each cell holds many copies.
Paternity testing needs inheritance from the father, which mtDNA cannot show. 'Race recognition' is not a forensic use of these markers, and species identification relies on conserved mitochondrial genes rather than the human polymorphic markers the question describes.
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