Discussion
Which of the following techniques is preferred to determine the ABO blood group from saliva fluid ?
Answer: A
The ABO group of saliva is determined by the absorption inhibition technique.
About 80% of people are secretors, whose saliva contains water-soluble A, B and H substances. In absorption inhibition, the extract is mixed with a known antiserum: if the matching blood group substance is present it neutralises the antibody, which then fails to agglutinate indicator red cells. The loss of agglutination identifies the group substance, and it works well on fluids like saliva that hold soluble antigen.
Absorption elution is preferred for dried bloodstains and hair, where the antigen is bound to cells. Lattes' technique detects the antibodies in a bloodstain rather than antigens in saliva, and mixed agglutination is suited to antigens fixed on fibres and cells.
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