Discussion
Which matrix is best suited to determine the exposure to maternal substance of abuse during gestation ?
Answer: C
The best matrix is meconium.
Meconium, the newborn's first stool, begins to form around the twelfth week of pregnancy and accumulates drugs and metabolites that the fetus is exposed to from then until birth. Testing it reveals maternal drug use over the second and third trimesters.
Fetal or newborn blood and urine reflect only the last few days before birth, and 'fetal breath' is not a usable matrix. Meconium gives the longest and most reliable window of exposure.
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