Discussion
Assertion (A): Observed cumulus updraughts are cooler than an undiluted parcel calculation predicts.
Reason (R): Environmental air entrained through the cloud edges evaporates droplets and cools the parcel.
Answer: C
Correct answer: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
Both are true and the reason gives the mechanism. A real updraught is not sealed: turbulence mixes drier environmental air in through its edges, and evaporating cloud droplets to saturate that air takes latent heat out of the parcel. The result is an updraught cooler and less buoyant than the undiluted parcel calculation predicts, which is why simple parcel theory overestimates cloud tops.
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