Discussion
Let a spherical block of ice at -7 °C be exposed to atmospheric air at 30 °C with the gravitational direction as shown in the figure below. What will be the overall direction of air flow in this situation?
Answer: B
The overall air flow is downward.
Air touching the ice is cooled from 30 °C towards -7 °C. Cooler air is denser, so under gravity it sinks, and warmer air from above replaces it. The result is a natural convection current that flows down past the sphere.
Upward flow is what a hot body produces. There is motion because the temperature difference sets up buoyancy forces, and there is no sideward driving force, since gravity acts vertically.
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