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Let a spherical block of ice at -7 °C be exposed to atmospheric air at 30 °C with the gravitational direction as shown in the figure below. What will be the overall direction of air flow in this situation?

A spherical ice block at -7 degrees C surrounded by air at 30 degrees C above and below, gravity pointing down, with a key showing upward, downward and sideward directions

  • A.Upward
  • B.Downward
  • C.NO motion
  • D.Sideward

Answer: B

The overall air flow is downward.

Air touching the ice is cooled from 30 °C towards -7 °C. Cooler air is denser, so under gravity it sinks, and warmer air from above replaces it. The result is a natural convection current that flows down past the sphere.

Upward flow is what a hot body produces. There is motion because the temperature difference sets up buoyancy forces, and there is no sideward driving force, since gravity acts vertically.

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