Discussion
Which is the true statement about frequency deviation in frequency modulation ?
Answer: D
In FM, frequency deviation is proportional to the amplitude of the modulating signal.
Frequency modulation varies the instantaneous carrier frequency in step with the message:
\[ f_{i}(t) = f_{c} + k_{f}\,m(t) \]
The peak deviation is \(\Delta f = k_{f} A_{m}\), set by the modulating signal's amplitude. The modulating frequency sets how often the carrier swings, not how far.
Deviation does not depend on the carrier frequency or on the carrier amplitude, which stays constant in FM. The modulating frequency enters the modulation index, \(\beta = \Delta f / f_{m}\), but not the deviation; deviation proportional to modulating frequency is a feature of phase modulation.
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