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Carson's rule gives the bandwidth of an FM signal as

  • A.The sum of deviation and twice the message frequency
  • B.Twice the sum of deviation and message frequency
  • C.Twice the deviation alone
  • D.Twice the message frequency alone

Answer: B

Carson's rule is \( B = 2(\Delta f + f_m) \), capturing about ninety-eight per cent of the power. Twice the deviation alone underestimates it and fails badly for narrowband FM, where the message frequency dominates. Twice the message frequency is the AM answer and the narrowband FM limit. And the last combination is not the rule. Carson's rule is an engineering approximation rather than an exact result, which matters because the true FM spectrum extends indefinitely.

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