Discussion
What does a zero-crossing counter measure?
Answer: A
Counting crossings over a short interval gives the instantaneous frequency, which is the FM message. It works on a limited waveform and is inherently digital, which makes it attractive in integrated receivers, though it is noisier than a phase-locked loop at low signal levels. Envelope amplitude is deliberately discarded by the limiter. Phase deviation is not counted directly. And the index is a derived quantity rather than a measurement. The method illustrates that frequency can be recovered by timing as well as by tuned circuits.
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