Discussion
Assertion (A): Thermodynamic consistency tests are applied to published activity coefficient data.
Reason (R): The Gibbs-Duhem equation places a constraint that consistent data must satisfy.
Answer: D
Correct answer: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
Both are true and the reason gives the basis. The Gibbs–Duhem equation relates the activity coefficients of the components at constant temperature and pressure, so they cannot vary independently. Data that violate it are internally inconsistent and must contain experimental error, which the area test and the point test detect - and which is why published data are screened before being correlated.
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