Discussion
Which balance retains the centrifugal term?
Answer: B
Gradient wind balance sets the pressure gradient force against the sum of Coriolis and centrifugal terms, and it is the appropriate approximation wherever the isobars are strongly curved. Geostrophic balance is its straight-flow limit, hydrostatic balance is vertical, and Ekman balance describes the frictional boundary layer. The practical consequence is that around a low the gradient wind is subgeostrophic while around a high it is supergeostrophic, which explains why intense lows are common but intense highs are not.
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