Discussion
Why does effective gravity vary with latitude?
Answer: A
The centrifugal acceleration is proportional to the distance from the rotation axis, so it is greatest at the equator and zero at the poles, reducing effective gravity by about 0.3 per cent between the two. The equatorial bulge adds a further reduction of similar size. Angular velocity is the same everywhere on a rigid Earth even though the linear speed differs, and neither atmospheric depth nor surface temperature enters the definition of gravity at all.
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