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Which feature characterises the Ekman spiral?

  • A.The wind backs with height
  • B.The wind direction remains constant while its speed increases linearly with height above ground
  • C.The wind veers with height in the northern hemisphere
  • D.The wind speed decreases steadily with height until the top of the boundary layer is reached

Answer: C

As friction weakens upward, the cross-isobaric angle shrinks and the wind turns clockwise, or veers, towards the geostrophic direction while its speed increases. In the southern hemisphere the sense reverses. The idealised spiral is rarely observed exactly because eddy viscosity is not constant with height, but the veering and the strengthening are both robust features of the real boundary layer and are what the model is used to explain.

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