Discussion
Which process is meant by Ekman pumping?
Answer: D
Convergence in the frictional layer beneath a cyclonic circulation forces air upward out of the boundary layer, and the resulting vertical velocity is proportional to the relative vorticity of the flow above. This is the mechanism by which friction spins down a vortex on a timescale of a few days. Turbulent momentum transport is the cause of the friction rather than the pumping, and tilting is a separate vorticity source discussed elsewhere in this subject.
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