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Which situation produces the largest cross-isobaric angle at the surface?

  • A.Flow over rough forested terrain
  • B.Flow over a smooth open ocean where the surface offers relatively little resistance to the wind
  • C.Flow in the free troposphere
  • D.Flow around the centre of an intense low where the isobars are curved most sharply of all

Answer: A

Greater roughness means stronger drag, a larger reduction in wind speed and hence a weaker Coriolis force, so the flow crosses the isobars at a larger angle, typically thirty degrees or more over forest against ten to fifteen over the sea. In the free troposphere friction is negligible and the angle approaches zero. Curvature changes the balance but does not by itself produce cross-isobaric flow, which requires a dissipative force.

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