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Which physical origin does the pressure gradient force ultimately have?

  • A.The condensation of water vapour into cloud droplets within the rising branches of circulations
  • B.Differential heating of the surface
  • C.The rotation of the Earth, which redistributes the mass of the atmosphere towards the equator
  • D.Friction at the surface

Answer: B

Unequal solar heating creates horizontal temperature contrasts, which through the hydrostatic relation create horizontal pressure contrasts, which drive the wind. That chain is the fundamental energy pathway of atmospheric motion. Rotation shapes the resulting circulation but supplies no energy, friction dissipates it, and latent heat release, though a powerful amplifier in storms, is itself a consequence of motion that the solar heating started.

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