Discussion
Which balance is described by the thermal wind relation?
Answer: D
Combining geostrophic and hydrostatic balance shows that the geostrophic wind must change with height wherever a horizontal temperature gradient exists, which is why the jet stream sits above the strongest surface temperature contrasts. It is a diagnostic relation rather than a force balance in its own right. The other options describe geostrophic balance, hydrostatic balance and the vorticity equation respectively.
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