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Which observation supports the reality of the Coriolis effect on large scales?

  • A.Long range artillery must be aimed with a lateral correction
  • B.Water spirals in a consistent direction when it drains from a bath in a given hemisphere always
  • C.Winds blow directly from high to low pressure
  • D.The trade winds blow from the east across both of the tropical oceans throughout the whole year

Answer: A

Over ranges of tens of kilometres a shell is deflected by hundreds of metres, and gunnery tables have carried the correction since the nineteenth century. The trade winds are also a consequence of rotation, though their explanation involves the Hadley circulation rather than a direct deflection, so the artillery case is the cleaner demonstration. Bath water has too large a Rossby number, and winds do not in fact blow directly down the gradient above the boundary layer.

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