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Momentum conservation applied to a control volume gives the net force on the fluid as

  • A.The difference in temperature across the boundaries
  • B.The rate of change of momentum through the control volume
  • C.The total mass contained within the control volume
  • D.The product of the pressure and the volume enclosed

Answer: B

Newton's second law in control-volume form relates the forces acting to the net rate at which momentum leaves, which is how thrust and aerodynamic forces are derived without knowing details of the internal flow. It is the basis of propulsion analysis as well.

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