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Discussion

Compared with a laminar boundary layer, a turbulent boundary layer generally has

  • A.Higher skin friction but greater resistance to separation
  • B.Lower skin friction and less resistance to separation
  • C.Identical skin friction and identical separation behaviour
  • D.No skin friction at all and immediate separation

Answer: A

Turbulent mixing carries high-momentum fluid towards the wall, which steepens the velocity gradient and raises friction, but that same momentum lets the layer run further against a rising pressure before separating. Designers trade one against the other.

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