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Flow separation occurs when the boundary layer encounters

  • A.A reduction in the viscosity of the fluid
  • B.An adverse pressure gradient it cannot overcome
  • C.A favourable pressure gradient along the surface
  • D.A perfectly flat plate aligned with the flow

Answer: B

Where pressure rises in the flow direction the slowest fluid near the wall is brought to rest and then reversed, and the layer lifts off the surface. Separation costs lift and adds pressure drag, and at the extreme it is what causes an airfoil to stall.

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