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Circulation, in aerodynamics, is defined as

  • A.The total mass of air passing through a duct
  • B.The rate at which pressure changes along a streamline
  • C.The difference between total and static temperature
  • D.The line integral of velocity around a closed curve

Answer: D

Circulation measures the net swirl of the flow around a contour, and by the Kutta-Joukowski theorem the lift per unit span equals density times free-stream velocity times circulation. It is central to all classical airfoil theory.

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