Discussion
Which sign does the virtual temperature correction always take?
Answer: D
Since water vapour is lighter than dry air, adding it lowers the density, and the equivalent dry air must therefore be warmer, so the virtual temperature always exceeds the actual temperature. The correction is about 0.6 kelvin for every gram of vapour per kilogram of dry air. It is largest in the warm humid tropics, where it can reach 3 kelvin and cannot safely be neglected. A limit that survives making every external component ideal is an intrinsic one, and worth knowing for that reason.
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