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Which quantity does a mercury barometer measure directly?

  • A.The mass of the air contained within a fixed volume at the level at which the instrument has been placed
  • B.The temperature
  • C.The force exerted by the air on a sealed evacuated capsule whose deformation is registered by a pointer
  • D.The height of a column of mercury supported by the atmosphere

Answer: D

Atmospheric pressure supports a column of mercury about 760 millimetres high, and the height is read against a scale after corrections for temperature, gravity and the instrument's own index. The final option describes an aneroid barometer, which is the more common modern instrument. Mercury barometers remain the reference standard against which others are calibrated despite being displaced from routine use. Checking the units of each quantity catches a wrong formula before the arithmetic begins.

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