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Charge lying outside a closed surface contributes to the flux through it

  • A.half of its own flux, the other half returning to the charge
  • B.nothing, its flux entering and leaving again
  • C.in proportion to how close it lies to the surface
  • D.the whole of its own flux, since flux is a scalar

Answer: B

Every line of flux from an external charge that enters the surface must also leave it, so the net contribution cancels. This is why only the enclosed charge appears on the right hand side, however much charge lies just outside.

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