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For Gauss's law to yield the field directly, the Gaussian surface must be chosen so that

  • A.the enclosed charge is as large as possible
  • B.the surface passes through the position of the charge itself
  • C.the surface encloses none of the charge in the problem
  • D.the field is constant in magnitude and normal to it, or else tangential

Answer: D

On such a surface the dot product becomes a constant magnitude times an area, and the field can be solved for. Where the field is tangential the contribution is zero, which disposes of the end faces of a cylinder round a line charge.

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