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Maxwell's first equation in differential form states that

  • A.\( \nabla \times \mathbf{D} = \rho_v \)
  • B.\( \nabla \cdot \mathbf{D} = 0 \) everywhere without exception
  • C.\( \nabla \cdot \mathbf{E} = \rho_v \)
  • D.\( \nabla \cdot \mathbf{D} = \rho_v \)

Answer: D

Correct answer: \( \nabla \cdot \mathbf{D} = \rho_v \)

This is Gauss’s law at a point: the divergence of the flux density equals the volume charge density there. The integral form follows by the divergence theorem. Note that it is \( \mathbf{D} \) rather than \( \mathbf{E} \) that appears, which is what makes the equation hold in any medium without a permittivity in it.

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