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Two point charges of \( +5 \) nC lie inside a closed surface and one of \( -5 \) nC lies just outside it. The flux out of the surface is

  • A.15 nC
  • B.zero
  • C.10 nC
  • D.5 nC

Answer: C

Only the enclosed charges count, and their sum is ten nanocoulombs. The external charge distorts the field at every point of the surface and so changes the local flux density, but its net contribution to the integral is exactly zero.

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