Discussion
Which characteristic of the internal combustion engine makes a gearbox necessary?
Answer: A
A petrol or diesel engine develops no torque below its idling speed and useful torque over perhaps a three to one speed range, whereas a vehicle must operate from rest to its maximum speed, a range of twenty to one or more. The gearbox bridges that gap by trading speed for torque. An electric motor develops full torque from zero and needs no such device, which is why electric vehicles use a single reduction ratio. Reverse rotation is a secondary requirement met by an idler gear rather than the reason the gearbox exists.
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