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Which relationship holds between gear ratio and torque?

  • A.Torque is reduced while the speed is increased, which is the arrangement used in the overdrive top gear
  • B.Torque is multiplied by the same factor that speed is reduced
  • C.Torque and speed are both reduced by the ratio, so that the power at the output is less than at the input
  • D.Torque is unchanged

Answer: B

Neglecting losses, power is conserved, so reducing the speed by a factor multiplies the torque by the same factor. A ratio of three to one gives three times the torque at one third the speed. Real transmissions lose a few per cent to friction. The order in which the effects act is what decides the outcome, so it is worth establishing first. Naming what changes and what stays the same is the reliable route through questions of this shape.

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