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Which gear train is used in a conventional automatic transmission?

  • A.A layshaft with constant mesh gears, exactly as in a manual gearbox but with the selection made hydraulically
  • B.A belt and pulley
  • C.A worm and wheel arrangement, which provides the large reduction required without the need for several stages
  • D.Epicyclic or planetary gear sets

Answer: D

Planetary sets are used because their ratios can be changed by applying brakes and clutches to different members without any component having to slide into mesh. Several sets in series give the required number of ratios. Modern designs use compound sets to obtain eight, nine or ten ratios compactly. Working the distinction through on a single concrete case fixes it more firmly than any rule of thumb. Tracing the requirement back to the physical constraint that produces it makes the answer follow.

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