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Which imbalance drives the general circulation?

  • A.A surplus of radiation in the tropics and a deficit at the poles
  • B.A surplus of radiation at the poles caused by the very long days of the polar summer season each year
  • C.The rotation of the Earth
  • D.The uneven distribution of land and sea across the surface of the two hemispheres of the planet

Answer: A

The tropics absorb more solar radiation than they emit as infrared, while the polar regions emit more than they absorb, and the atmosphere and ocean together transport the difference poleward. That transport requirement is what the general circulation exists to satisfy. Rotation shapes the resulting circulation profoundly but supplies no energy, and the land-sea distribution modifies the pattern regionally without creating the fundamental imbalance that drives the whole system.

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