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Which latitude marks the boundary between radiative surplus and deficit?

  • A.About 23.5 degrees, which corresponds to the latitude of the tropic of Cancer and of Capricorn in turn
  • B.About 38 degrees
  • C.About 60 degrees, which is also roughly where the polar front is found in the mean winter circulation
  • D.The equator

Answer: B

The net radiation at the top of the atmosphere changes sign near 38 degrees in each hemisphere, so poleward heat transport must reach its maximum near that latitude. The observed maximum transport of about 5.5 petawatts does occur there. The tropics of Cancer and Capricorn mark the limits of overhead sun rather than the radiation balance, and 60 degrees lies well within the deficit region. Working one numerical case through both cases side by side fixes the distinction better than any rule of thumb.

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