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Which circulation dominates the tropical transport?

  • A.The Hadley cell
  • B.The Ferrel cell, which is a thermally indirect circulation maintained by the eddy fluxes of momentum
  • C.The polar cell
  • D.The Walker circulation, whose ascending and descending branches lie in the equatorial zonal plane instead

Answer: A

The Hadley cell rises near the thermal equator, moves poleward aloft and descends near thirty degrees, carrying heat poleward in its upper branch. It is thermally direct and drives itself. The Ferrel cell is indirect and eddy driven, the polar cell is weak, and the Walker circulation is zonal rather than meridional and transports no net heat polewards. The shared properties explain why these belong to one family, and the differences explain why more than one exists.

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