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Which one of the following processes is primarily responsible for the poleward transport of energy in the midlatitude troposphere?

  • A.atmospheric tides
  • B.baroclinic waves
  • C.gravity waves
  • D.turbulence in the boundary layer

Answer: B

The main carrier of poleward energy is baroclinic waves.

In the midlatitudes the strong north-south temperature gradient makes the westerlies baroclinically unstable. The resulting waves, the travelling cyclones and anticyclones of the weather map, move warm air poleward and cold air equatorward and carry most of the atmosphere's poleward heat transport there.

Atmospheric tides are small, regular oscillations, gravity waves mainly transport momentum vertically, and boundary-layer turbulence moves heat up from the surface rather than towards the poles.

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