Discussion
Major contributions of Alexander Van Humboldt was in which field ?
Answer: B
The key gives (B) Earth Science.
Alexander von Humboldt (1769-1859) treated the earth as one connected physical system. His Cosmos, a description of the physical universe, brought together geology, climate and geomagnetism. He drew the first isotherms, lines joining places of equal temperature, and measured the strength of the earth's magnetic field at many places, and he studied altitude zones of climate. These are contributions to the science of the earth, which is the reading the key adopts.
He also did a great deal of work on plant geography, which is why option C (life science) is a plausible alternative, but it is the narrower description of his work as a whole. Environmental determinism is associated with Ratzel and his followers, not with Humboldt. Cartography was a tool he used, as with the isotherm map, and not the field of his major contribution.
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