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The landscapes reflects two primal needs of man "Prospect and Refuge" was advocated by :

  • A.Appleton
  • B.Samuels
  • C.Johnston
  • D.Ralph

Answer: A

Prospect and refuge was advocated by Appleton.

The British geographer Jay Appleton put forward prospect-refuge theory in The Experience of Landscape (1975). He argued that people find landscapes pleasing when they offer both prospect, an unimpeded view to see opportunities and dangers, and refuge, a place to hide, needs rooted in human survival as hunters and prey.

The other geographers worked on other themes. Marwyn Samuels wrote on existential and biographical approaches in humanistic geography; R. J. Johnston is known for his histories of Anglo-American geography and for electoral geography; Edward Relph, presumably meant by 'Ralph', wrote Place and Placelessness. None of them proposed the prospect-refuge idea.

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