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A fault zone met unexpectedly in a tunnel is dangerous chiefly because it contains

  • A.a horizon of exceptionally low permeability throughout
  • B.crushed, weak and often water-bearing material
  • C.rock of unusually high intact compressive strength
  • D.material entirely free of any discontinuities

Answer: B

Correct answer: crushed, weak and often water-bearing material

A fault zone combines the two worst conditions at once. The rock has been crushed and sheared, so it is weak and has little stand-up time, and that same crushing makes it permeable, so it often carries water under pressure. Meeting one unexpectedly gives no opportunity to pre-grout or to prepare heavy support.

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