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A mixed-face condition in a tunnel means the face contains

  • A.several joint sets of differing orientation
  • B.water entering from more than one horizon
  • C.two different lining materials side by side
  • D.both hard rock and soft ground together

Answer: D

Correct answer: both hard rock and soft ground together

A mixed face means the excavation is partly in rock and partly in soil, which is the worst condition for any machine: the cutting tools suited to one are wrong for the other, the face is unstable where it is soft while the rock resists, and steering is difficult because the machine tends to deviate towards the softer side.

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