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Stand-up time is the period for which an unsupported excavation will

  • A.continue to yield water at a steady rate
  • B.resist chemical weathering of its surface
  • C.retain its full designed cross-sectional area
  • D.remain stable after being opened

Answer: D

Correct answer: remain stable after being opened

Stand-up time is the interval between exposing the ground and its beginning to fail, and it determines how far the excavation may advance before support must be installed. It falls sharply as the rock mass quality falls and as the span increases, and in very poor ground it may be effectively zero, which is when forepoling is needed.

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