Discussion
A river makes waterfalls while flowing in the mountains. Select the two main reasons for the waterfalls :
(a) River moves in between trees.
(b) River flows over very hard rocks.
(c) River moves over soft rocks.
(d) River flows down a steep valley.
Answer: D
The two reasons are (b) and (d).
The NCERT geography textbook explains that when a river tumbles at a steep angle over very hard rocks, or down a steep valley side, it forms a waterfall. Hard rock resists erosion, so the river drops over it, and a steep valley gives the fall.
Trees along the bank have nothing to do with waterfalls. Soft rock is cut down evenly by the river and does not form a step; a waterfall typically forms where hard rock overlies softer rock that is worn away beneath it, but the hard rock is the reason given.
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