Discussion
Which change doubles the geostrophic wind at a fixed latitude?
Answer: A
The geostrophic wind is proportional to the pressure gradient, so packing the isobars twice as closely doubles the wind. The absolute value of the pressure is irrelevant, since a uniform field of any magnitude exerts no force. Increasing the latitude increases the Coriolis parameter and therefore reduces the wind for a given gradient, and the depth of a layer plays no part in a purely horizontal balance. Reasoning from the formula rather than from intuition avoids the common mistake about absolute pressure.
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