Discussion
Which difficulty arises in applying geostrophic balance near the equator?
Answer: C
Dividing by a vanishing \( f \) would give an unbounded geostrophic wind, so the balance breaks down within roughly five degrees of the equator. Tropical pressure gradients are in fact very weak rather than strong, precisely because any appreciable gradient would immediately drive a strong ageostrophic response. Friction is no more important there than elsewhere in the free atmosphere. This breakdown is why numerical analysis and initialisation schemes must treat the tropics quite differently from mid-latitudes.
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