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Which limit applies to the pressure gradient in anticyclonic gradient flow?

  • A.There is no limit
  • B.It cannot exceed the gradient that would be needed to produce a wind of one hundred metres per second
  • C.It cannot exceed a value proportional to the square of f times the radius
  • D.It cannot exceed the value that would produce a wind equal to the local speed of sound in the air

Answer: C

Solving the quadratic gradient wind equation for anticyclonic curvature gives a real root only while the pressure gradient force stays below \( f^{2}R/4 \), which is why anticyclones are always broad and gentle. No corresponding limit exists for cyclonic curvature, so lows may be small and intense. This single mathematical result accounts for one of the most striking asymmetries in observed weather charts and is well worth deriving once in full. Checking the units of each quantity catches a wrong formula before the arithmetic begins.

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