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Which regime has a Rossby number close to one?

  • A.A mid-latitude cyclone, whose horizontal scale of about a thousand kilometres gives a small value
  • B.A tornado
  • C.The global circulation, whose planetary scale places it firmly within the strongly rotational regime
  • D.A sea breeze circulation

Answer: D

A sea breeze with a speed of about 5 metres per second and a scale of a few tens of kilometres gives a Rossby number of order one, so rotation and inertia are comparable. This is why a sea breeze front turns noticeably during a long afternoon without being fully geostrophic. Cyclones and the global circulation have much smaller values, and a tornado has a value of order a thousand.

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